Kev ua haujlwm ntawm Debian yog ib qho ntawm kev faib tawm thawj zaug raws li Linux ntsiav. Vim tias qhov no, txheej txheem kev teeb tsa rau ntau tus neeg siv uas nyuam qhuav txiav txim siab dhau los ua tus paub zoo ntawm cov kab ke no yuav zoo li nyuaj. Txhawm kom tsis txhob muaj teeb meem thaum lub sijhawm nws, nws raug nquahu kom ua raws li cov lus qhia uas yuav tau muab hauv tsab xov xwm no.
Nyeem kuj: Nrov Linux Cov Khoom Xa Tawm
Nruab Debian 9
Ua ntej pib ua ncaj qha nrog kev teeb tsa ntawm Debian 9, nws tsim nyog ua qee yam npaj. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, kos cov cai ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub operating system no. Txawm hais tias nws tsis yog qhov xav tau ntawm lub khoos phis tawj, kom tsis txhob muaj kev cuam tshuam nws tsim nyog mus saib xyuas lub vev xaib, qhov twg txhua yam tau piav qhia meej. Tsis tas li, npaj lub 4GB flash drive, vim tias tsis muaj nws koj yuav tsis muaj peev xwm nruab qhov OS ntawm koj lub computer.
Saib ntxiv mus: Kho Kom Deb Debian 8 Mus Txog 9
Kauj ruam 1: Rub tawm hauv txoj kev faib khoom
Rub tawm Debian 9 yog qhov tsim nyog tshwj xeeb los ntawm cov vev xaib ntawm kev tsim tawm, qhov no yuav pab kom tsis txhob muaj kab mob vais vais ntawm lub khoos phis tawm thiab qhov yuam kev tseem ceeb thaum siv lub OS twb nruab.
Rub tawm cov xov xwm tshiab kawg ntawm Debian 9 los ntawm lub vev xaib raug cai
- Mus rau nplooj ntawv rub tawm rau OS cov duab uas siv cov kab ntawv txuas rau saum toj no.
- Nyem rau ntawm qhov txuas "Ruaj Ntseg Tso Cov Ntaub Ntawv CD / DVD Daj".
- Los ntawm cov npe ntawm CD dluab, xaiv cov kab ntawv ntawm operating system uas haum rau koj.
Nco tseg: rau cov khoos phis tawj nrog 64-ntsis txheej txheem ua raws kab ntawv "amd64", nrog 32-ntsis processors - "i386".
- Ntawm nplooj ntawv tom ntej, nqes mus thiab nyem rau ntawm qhov txuas nrog txuas ntxiv ISO.
Tom qab ntawd, kev rub tawm ntawm Debian 9 qhov duab xa tawm yuav pib. Tom qab ua tiav, ua mus rau theem tom ntej ntawm qhov kev qhia no.
Kauj ruam 2: Hlawv Duab rau Media
Muaj cov duab uas rub rau koj lub khoos phis tawm, koj yuav tsum tsim lub USB flash drive nrog nws, kom koj tuaj yeem pib lub computer los ntawm nws. Cov txheej txheem ntawm nws cov kev tsim nws tuaj yeem ua ntau yam nyuaj rau cov neeg siv nruab nrab, yog li nws tau pom zoo kom xa mus rau cov lus qhia ntawm peb lub vev xaib.
Nyeem ntxiv: Sau OS duab rau hauv USB flash drive
Kauj Ruam 3: pib khoos phis tawm ntawm flash drive
Tom qab koj muaj USB flash drive nrog Debian 9 cov duab kaw rau nws, koj yuav tsum muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw nres nkoj hauv computer thiab pib ntawm nws. Ua li no, nkag mus rau BIOS thiab ua qee qhov chaw teeb tsa. Hmoov tsis zoo, cov lus qhia thoob ntiaj teb, tab sis ntawm peb tus xaib koj tuaj yeem nrhiav tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog.
Ntxiv:
BIOS teeb rau pib los ntawm lub flash tsav
Nrhiav kom paub lub BIOS version
Kauj Ruam 4: Pib Ua Haujlwm
Kev teeb tsa ntawm Debian 9 pib nrog cov ntawv qhia zaub mov tseem ceeb ntawm cov duab teeb, uas koj yuav tsum tau nyem ntawm qhov khoom tam sim ntawd "Nruab Ntsa Nruab Nrab".
Tom qab qhov no, lub neej yav tom ntej tau teeb tsa ncaj qha, koj yuav tsum ua cov hauv qab no:
- Xaiv cov lus installer. Nrhiav koj cov lus nyob rau hauv daim ntawv teev npe thiab nyem "Txuas ntxiv"Cov. Cov lus Lavxias yuav raug xaiv hauv kab lus, koj ua raws li koj xav tau.
- Qhia koj qhov chaw nyob. Los ntawm lub neej ntawd, koj tau xaiv los ntawm ib lossis ntau lub tebchaws (nyob ntawm cov lus koj xaiv ua ntej). Yog tias tsis muaj qhov tsim nyog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv, nyem rau ntawm qhov khoom "lwm yam" thiab xaiv nws los ntawm daim ntawv, ces nyem Txuas ntxiv mus.
- Txhais tus qauv keyboard. Los ntawm cov npe, xaiv hom lus uas nws yuav raug rau los ntawm lub neej ntawd, thiab nyem Txuas ntxiv mus.
- Xaiv cov yuam sij kub, tom qab nias uas cov lus txheej yuav hloov. Txhua yam nws yog nyob ntawm koj nyiam - cov yuam sij twg yooj yim dua rau koj siv, thiab xaiv lawv.
- Tos rau rub tawm thiab teeb tsa cov qauv ntxiv ntawm cov tshuab ua haujlwm kom tiav. Koj tuaj yeem ua raws txoj kev nce qib los ntawm saib cov ntsuas ntsuas.
- Ntaus lub npe koj lub computer. Yog tias koj yuav siv lub PC nyob hauv tsev, xaiv ib lub npe twg thiab nias lub pob Txuas ntxiv mus.
- Sau lub npe sau. Koj tuaj yeem yoojyim hla txoj haujlwm no los ntawm nias lub pob Txuas ntxiv musyog tias khoos phis tawj yuav siv hauv tsev.
- Sau tus superuser password, thiab tom qab ntawv lees paub nws. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog tias tus password yuav muaj tsuas yog ib lub cim xwb, tab sis nws yog qhov zoo dua los siv txoj cai ib qho thiaj li hais tias cov neeg tsis tau tso cai tsis tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog koj lub kaw lus. Tom qab nkag mus, nias Txuas ntxiv mus.
Tseem ceeb: tsis txhob tso cov teb tseg, tsis li ntawd, koj yuav tsis tuaj yeem ua haujlwm nrog cov kab ke uas yuav tsum muaj cov cai superuser.
- Sau koj tus username.
- Sau lub npe nyiaj. Nco ntsoov nco ntsoov nws, vim hais tias qee zaum nws yuav ua haujlwm nkag rau nkag mus rau cov kab ke kev cai uas yuav tsum muaj cov cai superuser.
- Nkag mus rau lub kaw lus zais thiab paub meej tias nws, ces nias lub pob Txuas ntxiv musCov. Nws yuav tsim nyog nkag mus rau hauv lub desktop.
- Txhais lub sijhawm ntawm thaj chaw.
Tom qab ntawd, thawj qhov kev teeb tsa ntawm lub zog yav tom ntej tuaj yeem suav ua tiav. Lub chaw teeb tsa yuav thauj khoom lub disk disk partitioning program thiab tso saib ntawm lub vijtsam.
Hauv qab no yog kev ua haujlwm ncaj nraim nrog lub disk thiab nws cov partitions, uas yuav tsum tau muaj kev soj ntsuam ntxiv ntxaws.
Kauj ruam 5: Kev faib faib Disk
Daim disk muab faib yuav muaj kev sib tham ntawm cov ntawv qhia uas koj yuav tsum tau xaiv txoj kev faib. Ntawm txhua qhov, tsuas yog ob leeg tuaj yeem sib txawv: "Pib - siv tag nrho cov disk" thiab "Manually"Cov. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum disassemble nyob rau hauv ntau dua txhua tus.
Kev Hloov Sib Nrauj
Cov kev xaiv no zoo meej rau cov neeg siv uas tsis xav kom nkag siab txhua qhov tsis yooj yim ntawm disk teeb tsa. Tab sis xaiv cov hom no, koj pom zoo tias txhua cov ntaub ntawv ntawm daim disk yuav tsum lwv. Yog li ntawd, nws raug nquahu kom siv nws yog tias daim disk tsis tas lossis cov ntaub ntawv ntawm nws tsis tseem ceeb rau koj.
Yog li, rau faib cov tsav ncaj qha, ua cov hauv qab no:
- Xaiv "Pib - siv tag nrho cov disk" thiab nias lub pob Txuas ntxiv mus.
- Los ntawm cov npe, xaiv tsav qhov OS yuav raug teeb tsa. Hauv qhov no, nws tsuas yog ib tus.
- Txhais lub phiaj xwm txheej txheem. Muaj peb txoj kev xaiv los xaiv. Txhua tus qauv dag zog tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm qib kev nyab xeeb. Yog li los ntawm kev xaiv "Cais cais rau / tsev, / var thiab / tmp", koj yuav tau txais kev tiv thaiv kom ntau li ntau tau los ntawm sab nraud nyiag nkas. Rau cov neeg siv nruab nrab, nws raug nquahu kom xaiv cov khoom thib ob los ntawm cov npe - "Cais cais rau / tsev".
- Tom qab saib cov npe ntawm cov seem tsim, xaiv kab "Sau kom tiav cov markup thiab sau hloov mus rau disk" thiab nias lub pob Txuas ntxiv mus.
Tom qab cov kauj ruam tau ua tiav lawm, txoj kev teeb tsa cov txheej txheem yuav pib, thaum nws ua tiav, koj tuaj yeem pib siv Debian 9. Tab sis qee lub sijhawm disk disk tsis tsim rau tus neeg siv, yog li koj yuav tsum ua nws ntawm nws tus kheej.
Kev tuav disk teeb
Phau ntawv disk teeb tsa yog qhov zoo vim tias koj tuaj yeem ywj siab tsim txhua qhov faib uas koj xav tau thiab tsim txhua ntawm lawv kom haum koj cov kev xav tau. Ua li no, ua cov hauv qab no:
- Nyob hauv lub qhov rai "Txoj Kev Markup"xaiv kab "Manually" thiab nias lub pob Txuas ntxiv mus.
- Xaiv cov xov xwm uas Debian 9 tau teeb tsa los ntawm daim ntawv teev npe.
- Pom zoo los tsim lub rooj faib txheej los ntawm kev teeb tsa tus hloov mus rau Yog lawm thiab nias lub pob Txuas ntxiv mus.
Nco tseg: yog tias partitions tau tsim yav tas los ntawm lub disk lossis koj muaj lub zog ua haujlwm thib ob ntsia, lub qhov rai no yuav raug hla mus.
Tom qab cov txheej txheem muab faib tshiab tau tsim, koj yuav tsum txiav txim siab koj yuav faib cov partitions twg. Tsab xov xwm yuav qhia cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws qhia nrog kev nyab xeeb nruab nrab, uas zoo rau cov neeg siv feem ntau. Hauv qab no koj tuaj yeem pom cov piv txwv ntawm lwm cov qauv kev xaiv.
- Thas xim kab "Lub rooj zaum dawb" thiab nias rau pob Txuas ntxiv mus.
- Xaiv lub qhov rai tshiab "Tsim seem tshiab".
- Qhia kom meej qhov ntau npaum li cas ntawm lub cim xeeb uas koj xav kom faib raws li lub hauv paus kev faib tawm ntawm lub system, thiab nyem Txuas ntxiv musCov. Nws raug pom zoo tias koj teev tsawg kawg 15 GB.
- Xaiv thawj hom kev faib tawm tshiab yog tias koj tsis mus rau nruab lwm cov kev ua haujlwm ntxiv rau Debian 9. Txwv tsis pub, xaiv thawj.
- Thaum txiav txim siab qhov chaw nyob ntawm lub hauv paus faib, xaiv "Pib" thiab nyem Txuas ntxiv mus.
- Teem lub hauv paus faib kev faib tawm zoo sib xws rau piv txwv qhia hauv daim duab hauv qab no.
- Thas xim kab "Muab faib ua tiav" thiab nias lub pob Txuas ntxiv mus.
Lub hauv paus faib tau tsim, tam sim no tsim qhov sib faib sib faib. Ua li no:
- Rov ua thawj thawj ob kauj ruam ntawm cov lus qhia ua ntej los pib tsim tshooj tshiab.
- Qhia kom meej tus lej ntawm lub cim xeeb sib npaug rau cov nyiaj ntawm koj lub RAM.
- Raws li lub sijhawm dhau los, txiav txim siab seb hom muab faib raws li kev kwv yees ntawm cov zauv faib. Yog tias muaj ntau dua plaub, ces xaiv "Logical"yog tias tsawg dua - "Thawj".
- Yog tias koj xaiv lub ntsiab hom ntawm ntu, tom qab ntawd xaiv lub qhov rai txuas ntxiv kab "Kawg".
- Nyem ob npaug rau sab laug nas khawm (LMB) ntawm kab Siv li.
- Los ntawm cov npe, xaiv Feem Sib Pauv.
- Nyem rau kab "Muab faib ua tiav" thiab nias lub pob Txuas ntxiv mus.
Lub hauv paus kev faib tawm thiab kev sib faib cov cuab yeej tau tsim, nws tseem yuav tsim tsuas yog qhov kev faib tawm hauv tsev. Ua li no, ua raws cov lus qhia no:
- Pib tsim kev faib tawm los ntawm kev faib txhua qhov chaw seem rau nws thiab txiav txim siab nws hom.
- Teeb tag nrho cov tsis xws li qhia hauv qab no.
- Ob npaug nias LMB rau "Muab faib ua tiav".
Tam sim no txhua qhov chaw pub dawb ntawm koj lub hard disk yuav tsum faib nyob rau hauv partitions. Koj yuav tsum pom qee yam zoo li no ntawm lub vijtsam:
Hauv koj qhov xwm txheej, qhov loj ntawm txhua seem yuav txawv.
Qhov no ua tiav daim disk kev xaiv, yog li xaiv txoj kab "Sau kom tiav cov markup thiab sau hloov mus rau disk" thiab nias lub pob Txuas ntxiv mus.
Raws li cov ntsiab lus, koj yuav muab ib qho kev qhia ntxaws ntxaws rau txhua qhov kev hloov pauv. Yog tias txhua yam ntawm nws cov khoom sib xws nrog cov kauj ruam ua ntej, teeb tsa tus tes hloov mus rau Yog lawm thiab nyem Txuas ntxiv mus.
Kev Xaiv Kev Sib Tw
Saum toj no tau muab cov lus qhia rau kev kos cim lub nruab nrab kev ruaj ntseg tsav. Koj tuaj yeem siv lwm qhov. Ob txoj kev xaiv yuav tam sim no tau nthuav tawm.
Kev tiv thaiv tsis muaj zog (zoo meej rau cov pib tshiab uas tsuas yog xav kom muaj kev paub zoo nrog cov kab ke):
- muab faib # 1 - hauv paus faib (15 GB);
- ntu # 2 - sib pauv sib faib (RAM muaj peev xwm).
Kev tiv thaiv siab tshaj plaws (haum rau cov neeg siv uas npaj yuav siv cov OS ua tus neeg rau zaub mov):
- muab faib # 1 - hauv paus faib (15 GB);
- ntu # 2 - / khau raj nrog parameter ro (20 MB);
- ntu # 3 - sib faib sib faib (RAM ntim);
- ntu # 4 - / tmp nrog cov tsis nosuid, nodev thiab noexec (1-2 GB);
- ntu # 5 - / val / log nrog parameter noexec (500 MB);
- seem # 6 - / Lub tsev nrog cov tsis noexec thiab nodev (qhov chaw seem).
Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, nyob hauv rooj plaub thib ob nws tsim nyog tsim ntau ntu, tab sis tom qab kev teeb tsa cov kev ua haujlwm, koj yuav paub tseeb tias tsis muaj leej twg tuaj yeem nkag mus los ntawm sab nraud.
Kauj Ruam 6: Ua tiav Installation
Tam sim ntawd tom qab cov lus qhia dhau los, kev teeb tsa ntawm cov pib ntawm Debian 9 yuav pib. Txoj kev no tuaj yeem siv sijhawm ib pliag.
Tom qab nws ua tiav, koj yuav tsum tau tsim dua ob peb qhov ntxiv kom tiav qhov ua tiav ntawm cov haujlwm tiav.
- Hauv thawj lub qhov rai ntawm lub pob tus thawj tswj hwm qhov chaw, xaiv Yog lawmyog tias koj muaj ib qho ntxiv tsav nrog lub nruab zog tiv thaiv, txwv tsis pub nyem Tsis yog thiab nias rau pob Txuas ntxiv mus.
- Xaiv lub teb chaws uas cov iav kaw lus chaw nyob. Qhov no yog qhov tsim nyog los xyuas kom lub siab rub tawm ntawm qhov system cov khoom siv ntxiv thiab software.
- Txheeb Xyuas Debian 9 Daim iav Daim iav "ftp.ru.debian.org".
Nco tseg: yog tias koj xaiv lub teb chaws sib txawv ntawm qhov chaw nyob hauv lub qhov rai dhau los, tom qab ntawd hloov "ru" rau hauv daim iav chaw nyob txawv cheeb tsam chaw yuav tshwm.
- Nias lub khawm Txuas ntxiv musYog tias koj yuav tsis siv lub npe neeg rau zaub mov, txwv tsis pub qhia nws qhov chaw nyob hauv kab lus sib nug.
- Tos rau rub tawm thiab teeb tsa ntawm cov software thiab cov twj sib ntxiv kom tiav.
- Muab cov lus teb rau lo lus nug ntawm seb koj puas xav kom lub kaw lus xa cov cim tsis qhia npe txhua lub lim tiam rau cov neeg tsim khoom ntawm kev faib khoom txog cov pob khoom uas nquag siv.
- Xaiv los ntawm daim ntawv teev cov tshuab ib puag ncig uas koj xav pom hauv koj li kab ke, thiab software ntxiv. Tom qab xaiv, nias Txuas ntxiv mus.
- Tos kom txog thaum cov cheebtsam xaiv hauv lub qhov rais dhau los raug rub tawm thiab teeb tsa.
Nco tseg: txoj kev ua tiav cov hauj lwm tuaj yeem ntev heev - nws tag nrho nyob ntawm qhov ceev ntawm koj Internet thiab lub zog siv hluav taws xob.
- Tso cai rau kev teeb tsa GRUB hauv cov tswv khau raj sau los ntawm xaiv Yog lawm thiab nias Txuas ntxiv mus.
- Xaiv tsav ntawm cov npe uas GRUB bootloader yuav nyob rau. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas nws tau nyob ntawm tib lub disk ntawm qhov system operating nws tus kheej tau nruab.
- Nias lub khawm Txuas ntxiv muskom rov pib kho koj lub computer thiab pib siv cov ntsia tshiab Debian 9.
Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, cov teeb tsa ntawm lub system tiav lawm. Tom qab rebooting lub PC, koj yuav raug coj mus rau GRUB bootloader ntawv qhia zaub mov, nyob rau hauv uas koj yuav tsum xaiv lub OS thiab nyem Sau.
Xaus
Tom qab ua tiav tag nrho cov kauj ruam saum toj no, koj yuav pom Debian 9 desktop. Yog tias qhov no tsis tshwm sim, txheeb xyuas txhua yam ntsiab lus hauv phau ntawv qhia teeb tsa thiab yog tias koj pom qhov tsis sib xws nrog koj cov kev nqis tes ua, sim pib OS OS cov txheej txheem dua kom tau qhov txiaj ntsig uas xav tau.
